How to Use the Delay DJ Effect: Basic Theory, and 3 Ways To Use In Your Performances

image 21

In my previous post, we covered the Reverb effect in depth. In this post, we are going to explore the Delay DJ effect. Delay can be kind of odd, and often, DJs prefer either Delay or Echo with regulatory. Today we will cover delay on a technical level, the parameters which control it, and I’ll provide some techniques for how it can be used in your DJ sets.

Oddly enough the Delay DJ effect is produced by duplicating sound. A duplicate man head.
Duplicating a sound is enough to produce a primitive delay. Photo by Christina Chekhomova on Pexels.com

What is the Delay DJ Effect?

While there are a variety of DJ effects available, Delay is an audio effect that puts a time delay on a sound by making a copy of the sound and sending it to the loop. By creating a repeat sample offset with a certain timing, the perception of a “delayed” sound is created on playback – hence the effect is called Delay.

Let’s use an analogy. Imagine you have a leaky faucet. As one drop of water falls into the sink basin, you can guess that maybe 2-5 seconds later a second drop of the same size and weight will fall as well. This process repeats with regularity, and you can think of the subsequent drops of water as “delayed” copies of the first drop of water.

Two wave forms representing clap samples are at the center. The left most clap sample is labeled "source signal", followed by the right most clap sample which has a coloured overlay and is labeled "delay". Below the samples is an x axis labeled "Time" which moves from the origin at the left to to the right with an arrow indicating this direction. Above the source signal clap, there is an arrow pointing from the left to right stopped at the start of the second sample's transient. This arrow is labeled 50 milliseconds to indicate the time taken for the second sample to play.
A second clap sound is produced from a 50ms offset repeat from the original source signal clap. We call the effected sound the “delay”.

Example of the Delay Effect

Let’s listen for the difference between a clean snare drum sample and one with a delay applied to it. These samples were created using Ableton Live a popular music creation software for producers and DJs.

A clean 909 Snare Drum
A 909 Snare Drum with 50% Dry-Wet Delay

What is the Delay Effect used for?

In a music production environment, delay can add room dynamics and “humanness” back to a sound that is crafted from a clean sampling in the studio. When you listen to percussion and drums present in disco hits that got crowds and rooms moving, you will notice that the timing of hits is often imperfect. This phenomena of imperfect timing of notes creates the effect of swing time in rhythm theory, and is the basis of the “grooviness” of a lot of analog drumming. Delay can help with adding back some of the human elements for music produced almost entirely by computers. Delay can add movement, tension and a rolling sensation to a track depending on the parameters used.

Two examples of drum machine programming are presented for a four beat loop. The first beat grid shows a snare drum sample being played exactly at the 1, 2, 3, and 4 beat marks of the measure. The second beat grid shows the sample snare drum samples played just slightly ahead or behind the 1, 2, 3, and 4 beat markers. The second snare drum is played just a few milliseconds after the 2nd beat marker, the third snare drum is played twice as late as the second snare drum, and the fourth snare drum is played earlier than the 4th beat marker.
The groove and humanness in rhythm is captured in the subtle imperfections of the drummer playing just slightly off time. The human ear is skilled at perceiving repetitive stimuli and tuning it out, therefore, having drum samples always be on time can decrease the humanness of a given loop.

What are the main parameters for Delay?

Parameter 1: Time

Time is the amount of time between each repeat of the delay unit.

A longer time will increase the offset between repeats creating more space between delayed signals. A shorter time will decrease the offset between repeats and remove space between delayed signals.

Parameter 2: Feedback

Feedback is how much output is fed back into the FX unit at input or how long the delay lasts after the first tap.

A longer feedback will increase the number of repetitions until the delayed signal ceases – this can make the sample sound more “ghostly”. A shorter feedback decreases the number of repetitions until the effected signal ceases.

There is a title at the top of the image "Delay Parameters", below is a subtitle learningtodj.com. There are two circular knobs present in the center. The leftmost knob is labeled "Time", and is turned to the 3 o'clock position. At the bottom left of the Time knob, indicating the minimum value, there is a label "quicker repeats". At the bottom right of the knob, indicating the maximum value, there is a label "longer repeats". The second knob is labeled "Feedback" and is at the 9 o'clock position. There is text at the bottom left of the feedback knob, indicating the minimum value, which is labelled "fewer repetitions". There is a second label at the bottom right of the feedback knob, indicating the maximum value, that reads "more repetitions".
Balancing the time and feedback parameters are essential to avoid over saturating the mix with too much delay. Keep in mind the outcome you’re trying to achieve by applying a given effect.

Examples of Using the Delay Effect’s Parameters

Compare the difference between the following four bar snare drum loop played with 50% feedback and 80%. Notice how as the feedback increases, the number of repetitions does too; eventually, prior delayed signals overlap with emerging delayed snares creating a higher level “rolling” dynamic to the loop.

In the four bar loop played with 50% delay DRY-WET, the the “delayed snares” cease just as a new source snare drum sample is played.
In the four bar loop played with 80% DRY-WET delay, the the “delayed snares” begin overlapping with the next source snare drum and its delayed snare drums. The combination creates a higher order “rolling” dynamic to the loop.

How to use the Delay Effect in DJing?

DJ's hands mixing console buttons apply the delay effect.
If we understand delay at a technical level how can we use delay?

Tactic 1. Adding movement to a build up

While working through a build up towards a drop, using delay at an appropriate rate can create a sensation of momentum and “rolling” towards the climax as delayed signals begin overlaying one another.

Tactic 2. Giving dry acapellas and vocals more presence

Sometimes an acapella or vocal can lack the presence of a room from a clean studio recording. In order to blend the vocal into a track you can add delay to create small trails from the vocalist’s voice improving the perception of the blend and sense that the mix is “a single track”.

Tactic 3. Increasing smoothness of cut out transitions

Since the delayed sound is offset from the original source signal, adding a long delay time and medium feedback parameter can smooth out the cut transition of the exiting track, as you cut into the next track.

If you’re interested in learning more about this technique checkout L2DJ’s Beginner to Intermediate course for Electronic / House / Techno DJs.

Conclusion

While there are tons of DJ effects, arguably too many that go unused, for any DJ software or DJ starting out being able to access to the delay effect is typical. As a result, getting fine tuned understanding into the inner workings of this effect and the tactics that you can apply it with will give you an edge in crafting great sets.

Scroll to Top